Background: We have updated the guideline for preventing and managing perioperative infection in China, given the global issues with antimicrobial resistance and the need to optimize antimicrobial usage and improve hospital infection control levels.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the evidence for prevention and management of perioperative infection, based on the concepts of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The strength of recommendations was graded and voted using the Delphi method and the nominal group technique. Revisions were made to the guidelines in response to feedback from the experts.

Results: There were 17 questions prepared, for which 37 recommendations were made. According to the GRADE system, we evaluated the body of evidence for each clinical question. Based on the meta-analysis results, recommendations were graded using the Delphi method to generate useful information.

Conclusions: This guideline provides evidence to perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis that increased the rational use of prophylactic antimicrobial use, with substantial improvement in the risk-benefit trade-off. 

背景：考虑到抗菌剂耐药性的全球问题以及优化抗菌剂使用和提高医院感染控制水平的需要，我们更新了中国围手术期感染预防和管理指南。

方法：我们基于建议分级评估、开发和评价 (GRADE) 系统的概念，对围手术期感染预防和管理的证据进行了综合评价。使用 Delphi 方法和标称组技术对建议强度进行分级和投票。根据专家的反馈，对指南进行了修订。

结果：准备了17个问题，提出了37项建议。根据 GRADE 系统，我们评价了每个临床问题的证据主体。基于荟萃分析结果，使用 Delphi 方法对建议进行分级，以生成有用的信息。

结论：本指南为围手术期抗菌药物预防提供了证据，增加了预防性抗菌药物的合理使用，并大幅改善了风险-获益权衡。