The ESPA Pain Management Ladder Initiative is a clinical practice advisory based upon expert consensus supported by the current literature to help ensure a basic standard of perioperative pain management for all children. In 2018 the perioperative pain management of six common pediatric surgical procedures was summarised. The current Pain Management Ladder recommendations focus on five more complex pediatric surgical procedures and suggest basic, intermediate, and advanced pain management methods. The aim of this paper is to encourage best possible pain management practice and to support institutions to create their own pain management concepts according to their financial and human resources due to the diversity of clinical settings in Europe. Furthermore, the authors underline that these recommendations are intended for inpatients only.

ESPA疼痛管理阶梯倡议是一项基于专家共识的临床实践建议，并得到当前文献的支持，以帮助确保所有儿童围手术期疼痛管理的基本标准。2018年总结了六种常见儿科外科手术的围手术期疼痛管理。目前的疼痛管理阶梯建议集中在五种更复杂的儿科外科手术，并建议基本、中级和高级疼痛管理方法。本文的目的是鼓励最好的疼痛管理实践，并支持机构创建自己的疼痛管理概念，根据他们的财政和人力资源，由于临床设置在欧洲的多样性。此外，作者强调这些建议仅适用于住院患者。