Background: Adequate vitamin D is essential for maintaining optimal bone health, preventing and treating of osteoporosis. However, in recent years, large clinical trials and meta-analyses on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures in populations at different risks have been equivocal. The optimal level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) remains controversial. Recommendations vary between societies. The lack of standardized assays also poses a challenge in interpreting available research data.

Methods: We systematically searched for articles in MEDLINE database through PubMed, which included meta-analysis, systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that assessed measurement, diagnosis and treatment about vitamin D deficiency. The experts evaluated the available literature, graded references according to the type of study and described the strength recommendations.

Results: This expert consensus is based on the review of relevant clinical evidence and provides nine key recommendations on vitamin D deficiency in populations at different risks, especially in patients with osteoporosis. Supporting information is provided in the subsequent appendix box.

Conclusions: This expert consensus is a practical tool for endocrinologists, general physicians for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of populations at different risks of vitamin D deficiency, especially in patients with osteoporosis. Clinicians should be aware of the evidence but make individualized decisions based on specific patients or situation.

背景：充足的维生素D对于维持最佳的骨骼健康，预防和治疗骨质疏松症至关重要。然而，近年来，关于补充维生素D预防不同风险人群骨折疗效的大型临床试验和荟萃分析一直模棱两可。25-羟基维生素D（25[OH]D）的最佳水平仍然存在争议。不同社会的建议各不相同。标准化分析方法的缺乏也对解释现有研究数据提出了挑战。

方法：我们通过PubMed系统检索MEDLINE数据库中的文章，包括meta分析、随机对照试验（rct）的系统综述和评估维生素D缺乏症的测量、诊断和治疗的观察性研究。专家们评估了现有的文献，根据研究类型对参考文献进行了评分，并描述了强度建议。

结果：这一专家共识是基于对相关临床证据的回顾，并就不同风险人群，特别是骨质疏松症患者的维生素D缺乏症提供了九项关键建议。在后面的附录框中提供了支持信息。

结论：这一专家共识是内分泌学家、普通医生诊断、评估和治疗不同维生素D缺乏风险人群的实用工具，尤其是骨质疏松症患者。临床医生应该了解证据，但根据具体的患者或情况做出个性化的决定。