Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes, leading to depigmented patches on the skin. The global lifetime prevalence of vitiligo diagnosed by a physician or dermatologist was estimated at 0•36% in the general population, 0•67% in the adult population adults, and 0•24% in the child population. Vitiligo prevalence was higher in adults than in children across all regions. Central Europe and south Asia reported the highest prevalence 0•52% and 0•52%, respectively, in the general population. Vitiligo significantly impacts patients' quality of life, causing psychological distress and social stigmatization. While medical treatments such as corticosteroids and phototherapy exist, they often fail to achieve satisfactory repigmentation, particularly in extensive or recalcitrant cases. In recent years, surgical interventions have gained prominence as effective alternatives for managing vitiligo. Techniques such as autologous melanocyte transplantation, suction blister grafting, split-thickness skin grafting, and punch grafting offer promising repigmentation results. However, the lack of standardized protocols and guidelines for vitiligo surgery presents challenges in patient selection, procedural approaches, and post-operative care. This study aims to review current surgical techniques, assess patient-specific factors influencing surgical success, and evaluate long-term outcomes, including repigmentation rates and patient satisfaction. Key factors include disease stability, lesion characteristics, and the involvement of exposed areas. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of post-operative adjuvant therapy, such as topical tacrolimus and excimer therapy, to enhance surgical outcomes. By establishing evidence-based protocols for vitiligo surgery, this study seeks to improve treatment efficacy and patient care, addressing gaps in current practices and advancing the field toward more consistent and successful outcomes in vitiligo management.

白癜风是一种慢性皮肤疾病，其特征是黑色素细胞的损失，导致皮肤上的色素沉着斑块。据估计，由医生或皮肤科医生诊断的白癜风的全球终生患病率在一般人群中为0.36%，在成人人群中为0.67%，在儿童人群中为0.24%。所有地区的成人白癜风患病率均高于儿童。中欧和南亚在一般人群中报告的患病率最高，分别为0.52%和0.52%。白癜风严重影响患者的生活质量，造成心理困扰和社会污名化。虽然存在诸如皮质类固醇和光疗之类的医学治疗，但它们往往不能达到令人满意的重新着色，特别是在广泛或顽固的病例中。近年来，外科手术作为治疗白癜风的有效替代方法得到了重视。自体黑素细胞移植、吸吸水疱移植、裂厚皮肤移植和穿孔移植等技术提供了有希望的重色素沉着结果。然而，白癜风手术缺乏标准化的方案和指南，在患者选择、手术方法和术后护理方面提出了挑战。本研究旨在回顾当前的手术技术，评估影响手术成功的患者特异性因素，并评估长期结果，包括再色素沉着率和患者满意度。关键因素包括疾病稳定性、病变特征和暴露区域的受累情况。此外，该研究强调了术后辅助治疗的重要性，如局部他克莫司和准分子治疗，以提高手术效果。通过建立白癜风手术的循证方案，本研究旨在提高治疗效果和患者护理，解决当前实践中的差距，并推动该领域在白癜风管理方面取得更一致和成功的结果。