Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a complex, heterogenous, multifactorial syndrome in which a cardiac disorder results in insufficient cardiac output culminating in end-organ hypoperfusion.CS is one of the most common causes of admission to contemporary cardiac intensive care units and remains a highly morbid and lethal complication given its dynamic and often unpredictable course, with short-term mortality ranging from 30% to 40% and 1-year mortality approaching or exceeding 50%.Whereas CS due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS) has been the most extensively studied form of CS in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the incidence and prevalence of CS due to nonacute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes, specifically, heart failure (HF)-related CS (HF-CS), has increased during the past decade in the United States, with notable differences in baseline characteristics, comorbidities, resource utilization, and in-hospital outcomes.Despite advances in revascularization and increasing use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) during the past 2 decades, RCTs have largely failed to identify treatment strategies that reliably improve mortality other than early revascularization for AMI-CS.The first trial to demonstrate any benefit with tMCS was the Danish-German Cardiogenic Shock (DanGer Shock) trial, which showed that early use of a microaxial flow pump in select patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)-related shock improved 180-day survival as compared with standard of care.

心源性休克（CS）是一种复杂的、异质性的、多因素的综合征，其中心脏疾病导致心输出量不足，最终导致终末器官灌注不足。CS是当代心脏重症监护病房最常见的入院原因之一，由于其动态且往往不可预测的病程，CS仍然是一种高度发病和致命的并发症，短期死亡率在30%至40%之间，1年死亡率接近或超过50%。由于急性心肌梗死（AMI-CS）引起的CS是随机对照试验（RCTs）中研究最广泛的CS形式，在美国，由于非急性心肌梗死（AMI）原因引起的CS，特别是心力衰竭（HF）相关的CS （HF-CS）的发病率和患病率在过去十年中有所增加，在基线特征、合并症、资源利用和住院结果方面存在显著差异。尽管在过去的20年里，血运重建技术取得了进步，临时机械循环支持（tMCS）的使用越来越多，但rct在很大程度上未能确定除了早期血运重建之外可靠地提高AMI-CS死亡率的治疗策略。第一个证明tMCS有任何益处的试验是丹麦-德国心源性休克（DanGer Shock）试验，该试验表明，与标准护理相比，早期使用微轴流泵可改善st段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）相关休克患者的180天生存率。