The treatment of chronic neutropenias and control of neutropenia-related infections remain challenging topics for pediatric and adult hematologists. This article aims to fill the gap in the treatment of neutropenias and, in combination with the previously published European guidelines on diagnosis of neutropenias, gives complete and comprehensive guidance on the whole management of patients with neutropenia. In terms of methodology, an Evidence-Based Medicine team produced an evidence synthesis of the literature on the treatment of neutropenias. Then, according to the robustness of the evidence, consensus recommendations were elaborated and voted by an expert's panel from the Cooperation in Science and Technology European Network for the Innovative Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Neutropenias (https://eunet-innochron.eu/) and the Specialized Working Group on Granulocytes and Constitutional Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes of the European Hematology Association. Whenever evidence was not available, recommendations were based on the expert's panel opinion. Consensus-based recommendations are related to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor indications and schedule of administration, indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, supportive treatments and measures, and new treatments that have been evolving over the recent years. These guidelines, rather than a numerical correction of the absolute neutrophil count, suggest a holistic, patient-centered approach aiming at optimizing the management of chronic neutropenic patients and offering valuable and practical guidance to the hematologists for their daily clinical practice.

慢性中性粒细胞减少症的治疗和中性粒细胞减少症相关感染的控制仍是儿科和成人血液科医生面临的挑战。本文旨在填补中性粒细胞减少症治疗方面的空白，并结合之前发布的欧洲中性粒细胞减少症诊断指南，为中性粒细胞减少症患者的全程管理提供完整而全面的指导。在方法论方面，循证医学小组对有关中性粒细胞减少症治疗的文献进行了证据综述。然后，欧洲慢性中性粒细胞减少症创新诊断与治疗科技合作网络（https://eunet-innochron.eu/）和欧洲血液学协会粒细胞与体制性骨髓衰竭综合征专业工作组的专家小组根据证据的可靠性制定了共识建议，并进行了投票。如果没有证据，则根据专家小组的意见提出建议。基于共识的建议涉及粒细胞集落刺激因子的适应症和给药时间表、造血干细胞移植的适应症、支持性治疗和措施，以及近年来不断发展的新疗法。这些指南不是对绝对中性粒细胞计数进行数字校正，而是提出了一种以患者为中心的整体方法，旨在优化慢性中性粒细胞增多症患者的管理，并为血液科医生的日常临床实践提供宝贵而实用的指导。