Motor rehabilitation aims to help people after stroke to gain optimal motor functioning, independence and quality of life. This European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guideline provides updated, evidence-based support for clinical practice in six agreed critical areas: dose for upper limb and gait therapy, high-intensity gait training, effect of therapy transfer package, group versus individual therapy and sit-to-stand training. The guideline was developed according to ESO standard operating procedures and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Expert consensus statements are provided where a GRADE recommendation cannot be made due to insufficient evidence. For therapy dose, very low quality evidence supports a weak recommendation to provide an additional minimal dose of 20 h of repetitive upper limb practice to improve arm capacity. For gait, expert consensus suggests that an additional minimal dose of 20 h of walking practice could be beneficial for walking capacity. For high-intensity gait training, moderate quality evidence supports a strong recommendation for high-intensity gait training to improve walking endurance in people with chronic stroke and stable cardiovascular status, while low quality evidence supports a weak recommendation for improving walking speed. An expert consensus suggests using a transfer package when providing upper limb task-specific training to enhance transfer to daily life. For group therapy, a weak recommendation based on very low quality evidence suggests that task-specific group-based therapy is non-inferior to individual therapy for improving balance, gait speed and walking endurance. A weak recommendation based on moderate quality evidence suggests additional sit-to-stand training to improve balance.

运动康复旨在帮助卒中患者获得最佳运动功能、独立性和生活质量。本欧洲卒中组织（ESO）指南针对六个达成共识的关键领域为临床实践提供了最新的循证支持，这些领域包括：上肢和步态治疗的剂量、高强度步态训练、治疗转化方案的效果、团体与个体治疗对比以及坐站训练。该指南根据ESO标准操作程序和推荐分级、评估、开发与评价系统（GRADE）制定，在因证据不足而无法形成GRADE推荐的情况下提供了专家共识声明。在治疗剂量方面，极低质量证据支持一项弱推荐，即额外提供至少20小时的重复性上肢练习以改善手臂功能；针对步态治疗，专家共识指出额外至少20小时的步行练习可能对步行能力有益。对于高强度步态训练，中等质量证据强烈推荐对慢性卒中且心血管状态稳定的患者采用高强度步态训练以改善步行耐力，而低质量证据弱推荐其用于改善步行速度。专家共识建议在上肢任务特异性训练中使用治疗转化方案，以增强训练效果向日常生活的转化。关于团体治疗，基于极低质量证据的弱推荐表明，任务特异性团体治疗在改善平衡、步态速度和步行耐力方面不劣于个体治疗；基于中等质量证据的弱推荐则建议增加坐站训练以改善平衡。