Background: The exponential increase in dental implant use has led to a parallel rise in peri-implant diseases (PID), adversely affecting implant therapy success and patient quality of life. Efforts have been made by the dental community to understand systemic, behavioral, and site-level risk factors involved in the etiologies and pathogenesis of PID and conditions and to develop standardized treatment protocols for the management of these clinical entities. The 2024 Academy of Osseointegration/American Academy of Periodontology (AO/AAP) consensus aimed to integrate the best available evidence and expert opinion into a unified framework for the prevention and management of PID and conditions.Methods: Focused questions were previously addressed in eight systematic reviews that were grouped into two main topics. Group 1 evaluated systemic and local risk factors/indicators for the development of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, peri-implant soft tissue deformities, as well as prosthetic factors associated with peri-implant marginal bone loss. Group 2 focused on therapeutic strategies for the management of PID, encompassing nonsurgical debridement, implant surface decontamination methods, and surgical interventions (both nonreconstructive and reconstructive). Structured consensus discussions were held during an on-site meeting in Oak Brook, Illinois (August 14–16, 2024) to inform evidence-based recommendations. Results: A plethora of systemic, behavioral, and local factors may play a piv￾otal role in the onset and progression of PID and conditions. Key systemic and behavioral risk factors include history of periodontitis, smoking, uncontrolled diabetes, poor microbial biofilm control, and obesity, while implant malposition, unfavorable prosthetic factors, and suboptimal peri-implant soft tissue phenotypical features are relevant site-related factors. Peri-implant mucositis may be effectively managed with nonsurgical debridement and control of risk factors. This possibly represents the first step of treatment of peri-implantitis, whereas more advanced cases require individualized surgical approaches, ranging from flap-for-access, resective, reconstructive, or soft tissue augmentation procedures. Supportive peri-implant maintenance is essential for long-term peri-implant tissue stability and health. Conclusions: An evidence-based flow diagram combined with expert opinion was generated for clinicians to manage PID and conditions, emphasizing early risk factor identification, tailored treatment protocols, and continued maintenance to optimize long-term implant therapy outcomes.

背景：牙种植体使用的指数级增长已导致种植体周围疾病（PID）平行增加，对种植治疗的成功及患者生活质量产生不利影响。牙科界已做出努力，以了解PID病因和发病机制中涉及的全身、行为和局部风险因素，以及制定管理这些临床病症的标准化治疗方案。2024年骨整合学会/美国牙周病学会（AO/AAP）共识旨在将现有最佳证据与专家意见整合为预防和管理PID及相关病症的统一框架。   

方法：此前针对八个系统综述中的重点问题分为两大主题。第一组评估了种植体周围黏膜炎和种植体周围炎发生的全身及局部风险因素/指标、种植体周围软组织畸形，以及与种植体周围边缘骨丧失相关的修复因素。第二组聚焦于PID的治疗策略，包括非手术清创、种植体表面去污方法以及手术干预（非重建性和重建性）。2024年8月14日至16日在伊利诺伊州奥克布鲁克举行的现场会议中，通过结构化共识讨论形成循证推荐意见。   

结果：大量全身、行为和局部因素可能在PID及相关病症的发生和进展中起关键作用。主要全身和行为风险因素包括牙周炎病史、吸烟、未控制的糖尿病、不良微生物生物膜控制和肥胖，而种植体位置不当、不良修复因素和种植体周围软组织表型特征不佳是相关的局部因素。种植体周围黏膜炎可通过非手术清创和风险因素控制有效管理，这可能是种植体周围炎治疗的第一步，而更严重的病例需要个体化手术方法，包括翻瓣入路、切除性、重建性或软组织增量手术。支持性种植体周围维护对种植体周围组织的长期稳定和健康至关重要。   

结论：为临床医生制定了结合专家意见的循证流程图，用于管理PID及相关病症，强调早期风险因素识别、个性化治疗方案和持续维护，以优化种植治疗的长期效果。