Importance  The association between breastfeeding and health benefits in children has been previously well established; health benefits have also been found for women who breastfeed. However, breastfeeding rates in the US are relatively modest; as of 2021, 59.8% of infants at age 6 months are breastfed and 27.2% of infants at that age are exclusively breastfed.

Objective  The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the evidence on the benefits and harms of primary care behavioral counseling interventions to support breastfeeding.

Population  Adolescents and adults who are pregnant or postpartum, and their infants and children.

Evidence Assessment  The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that primary care behavioral counseling interventions to support breastfeeding have a moderate net benefit.

Recommendation  The USPSTF recommends providing interventions or referrals, during pregnancy and after birth, to support breastfeeding. (B recommendation)

重要性
母乳喂养对儿童的健康益处先前已得到充分证实；对哺乳期妇女的健康益处也已被发现。然而，美国的母乳喂养率相对较低；截至2021年，6月龄婴儿的母乳喂养率为59.8%，而同月龄婴儿的纯母乳喂养率为27.2%。

目标
美国预防服务工作组（USPSTF）委托进行了一项系统评价，旨在评估初级保健中支持母乳喂养的行为咨询干预措施其益处和危害的证据。

适用人群
怀孕或产后的青少年及成人，以及其婴儿和儿童。

证据评估
USPSTF以中等把握度得出结论：初级保健中支持母乳喂养的行为咨询干预措施具有中等程度的净获益。

推荐意见
USPSTF推荐在孕期及产后提供干预措施或转诊服务，以支持母乳喂养。（B级推荐）