This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for the use of influenza vaccines and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2025–2026 influenza season. A review of the evidence supporting these recommendations is in the accompanying technical report.

The AAP recommends annual influenza vaccination of all children without medical contraindications starting at 6 months of age. Influenza vaccination is an important strategy for protecting children and the broader community as well as reducing the overall burden of respiratory illnesses when other viruses are cocirculating. Any licensed influenza vaccine appropriate for age and health status can be administered, as soon as possible in the season, without preference for one product or formulation.

Antiviral treatment of influenza is recommended for children with suspected or confirmed influenza who are hospitalized or have severe or progressive disease or have underlying conditions that increase their risk of complications of influenza. In this situation, antiviral treatment should be started as soon as possible regardless of duration of illness. Antiviral treatment is an option in the outpatient setting for other children with suspected or confirmed influenza in some circumstances.

Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is an option in certain individuals, especially exposed children who are asymptomatic and are at high risk for influenza complications but have not yet been immunized or those who are not expected to mount an effective immune response.

本声明更新了美国儿科学会（AAP）关于2025—2026年流感季儿童流感预防和治疗中流感疫苗及抗病毒药物使用的建议。相关建议的证据综述详见随附的技术报告。

美国儿科学会建议，所有无医学禁忌证的儿童自6月龄起每年接种流感疫苗。流感疫苗接种是保护儿童及更广泛社区的重要策略，在其他病毒共流行时，也有助于降低呼吸道疾病的总体负担。流感季期间，应尽早为儿童接种任何经许可、且适合其年龄和健康状况的流感疫苗，无需优先选择某一产品或剂型。

对于疑似或确诊流感的儿童，若已住院、患有重症或进展性疾病，或存在增加流感并发症风险的基础疾病，建议进行流感抗病毒治疗。在此情况下，无论病程长短，均应尽早启动抗病毒治疗。在某些情况下，门诊中其他疑似或确诊流感的儿童也可考虑采用抗病毒治疗。

抗病毒化学预防可用于特定人群，尤其是暴露于流感病毒的无症状儿童——这些儿童属于流感并发症高风险人群，但尚未接种疫苗，或预计无法产生有效免疫应答。